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We investigate the relationship between glycemic traits-specifically type 2 diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and 2-hour post-load glucose-and thoracic aortic morphology and diseases. The results indicate an inverse association between elevated glycemic traits and aortic morphology, as well as a reduced risk of thoracic aortic aneurysm. Genetic predictors related to beta-cell proinsulin mechanisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus drive these associations. Key genes such as AGER, GLRX, TCF7L2, and GCK are implicated, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysm, given their role in glycemic control medication.