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Malaria isn’t simply one disease caused by one organism. Malaria, which the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates affected over 200 million people in 2010, can actually be caused by five different species of parasite, and depending in part upon which one has made its home inside a host, symptoms of the disease can range from relatively mild to fatal.

Targeted therapies are changing cancer treatment. Designed to wield laser-like precision, they focus on overactive proteins produced by mutated genes, destroying cancer cells but sparing normal cells. Most of the cancer drugs created in the last decade follow that model, exploiting knowledge of genetic mutations to stop cancer’s progression rather than aiming a fusillade of chemotherapy agents against all fast-growing cells, normal or cancerous.