Ancient history is getting a rewrite. Researchers have learned new information about the genetic relationship between modern humans and Neandertals, the closest relatives to living humans who became extinct approximately 30,000 years ago. Using the newly available Neandertal genome, produced by scientists at the Max-Planck Institute together with colleagues at the Ó³»´«Ã½ and elsewhere, researchers have uncovered striking evidence that Neandertals and modern humans shared more than geography—it seems they also interbred.